Allergic reactions range from mild symptoms to life-threatening emergencies. Anaphylaxis is a severe allergic reaction that can develop rapidly and requires urgent action.
This guide explains how allergic reactions and anaphylaxis are approached in UK first aid, what signs to look for, and how responsibilities apply in homes, schools, workplaces and public settings.
The information is written as general first aid guidance and does not replace medical advice or emergency care.
An allergic reaction occurs when the immune system responds abnormally to a substance that is usually harmless.
Common allergens include:
Reactions can vary from mild to severe, and symptoms may develop quickly or gradually.
Anaphylaxis is a severe, potentially life-threatening allergic reaction.
It usually involves multiple body systems and can worsen rapidly without treatment.
Anaphylaxis is a medical emergency and requires immediate action.
Mild or moderate reactions may include:
Symptoms may remain mild, but they can also progress.
Anaphylaxis may involve one or more of the following:
If anaphylaxis is suspected, emergency services must be contacted immediately.
You should call 999 immediately if:
Do not delay emergency help while monitoring symptoms.
Some people at risk of anaphylaxis carry an adrenaline auto-injector.
In first aid situations:
Adrenaline is a first-line emergency treatment, but it does not replace hospital care.
Organisations should consider allergic risks within their environments.
This may include:
Risk-based planning is explained in Workplace First Aid Risk Assessment (UK).
| Environment | Typical allergy risk | First aid considerations |
|---|---|---|
| Home | Known personal allergies | Awareness of symptoms, emergency response |
| School or childcare | Food and medication allergies | Clear plans, staff awareness |
| Workplace | Variable | Risk assessment, trained response |
| Public events | Mixed and unknown | Clear emergency access, first aid points |
Standard first aid kits do not treat anaphylaxis.
However, they support:
First aid kits should be accessible, but emergency response relies on prompt action and professional care.
Where allergic reactions occur, incidents should be recorded.
Records help organisations:
Guidance on records is explained in Accident Reporting & First Aid Records (UK).
Allergic reactions can escalate quickly and should be taken seriously.
Prompt recognition and action save lives.
Clear procedures, staff awareness and risk-based planning support safer environments for people with allergies.
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