Seizures can be frightening to witness, particularly when they happen suddenly in public or unfamiliar settings. Many people are unsure what to do, and well-intended actions can sometimes cause harm.
This guide explains how seizures are approached in UK first aid, what to look for, what actions are appropriate, and when emergency services should be contacted. It applies to adults, children, workplaces, schools and public environments.
The information below is general first aid guidance and does not replace medical advice or ongoing care.
A seizure occurs when there is a sudden surge of electrical activity in the brain. This can temporarily affect movement, awareness, behaviour or consciousness.
Seizures may occur in people with epilepsy, but they can also happen due to:
Not all seizures look the same, and some are more serious than others.
In first aid, it is helpful to recognise broad seizure patterns rather than medical classifications.
You may observe:
The most widely recognised type involves full-body convulsions.
If someone is having a seizure:
Time the seizure if you can, as this information is useful for emergency services.
You should not:
These actions can increase the risk of injury.
Once the seizure has stopped:
Confusion, tiredness and headache are common after a seizure.
You should call 999 if:
When in doubt, seek emergency help.
Seizures can occur anywhere, including environments with members of the public.
Organisations should consider:
Risk-based planning is explained in Workplace First Aid Risk Assessment (UK).
| Environment | Typical concerns | First aid focus |
|---|---|---|
| Home | Known medical history | Monitoring and recovery care |
| School or childcare | Children with known conditions | Clear plans and staff awareness |
| Workplace | Mixed medical backgrounds | Immediate safety and response |
| Public places | Unknown medical history | Protection and emergency access |
Where seizures occur in workplaces, schools or public venues, incidents should be recorded.
Records help organisations:
Guidance on recording incidents is provided in Accident Reporting & First Aid Records (UK).
Understanding correct first aid helps reduce harm and panic.
Calm, informed action during a seizure can prevent injury and provide reassurance to the person affected.
Clear procedures and staff awareness support safer environments for everyone.
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