Crush injuries can be serious and may involve hidden internal damage even when the skin looks unbroken. They often occur in workplaces, construction, warehouses, vehicle incidents and heavy manual handling situations.
This guide explains how crush injuries are approached in UK first aid, what warning signs to recognise, and when emergency services must be called.
The information below is general first aid guidance and does not replace professional medical assessment or treatment.
A crush injury occurs when a part of the body is trapped, squeezed or compressed by a heavy object. The damage can affect skin, muscles, nerves, blood vessels and internal organs.
Crush injuries may happen due to:
Crush injuries can cause:
In some cases, releasing pressure suddenly can cause further complications. This is why emergency services should be involved in serious incidents.
Signs can include:
If circulation is affected or the person appears unwell, treat it as an emergency.
If the person becomes unconscious, see First Aid for an Unconscious Person.
Some crush injuries involve open wounds and heavy bleeding.
See First Aid for Major Bleeding for severe bleeding response.
Crush injuries may involve broken bones. If a fracture is suspected:
Seek urgent medical help for significant deformity, severe pain or loss of circulation.
You should call 999 immediately if:
| Severity | Typical features | Recommended action |
|---|---|---|
| Minor | Small bruise, mild swelling, full movement | Monitor and seek medical advice if symptoms worsen |
| Moderate | Significant swelling, pain, reduced movement | Medical assessment recommended |
| Severe | Entrapment, severe pain, deformity, loss of sensation, shock | Call 999 immediately |
Crush injuries are more likely in higher-risk environments such as construction, manufacturing and warehousing.
Workplaces should consider:
Planning guidance is available in Workplace First Aid Risk Assessment (UK).
For construction environments, see Construction Site First Aid Kit (UK).
Workplace crush injuries should be recorded according to internal procedures. Serious incidents may also require formal reporting.
See Accident Reporting & First Aid Records (UK) and RIDDOR & First Aid Explained.
Hidden internal damage is a key reason medical assessment is often necessary.
Crush injuries can affect circulation, cause internal bleeding and lead to shock. Early recognition, keeping the person still, and calling 999 when appropriate can significantly reduce risk.
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