Electric shock can range from mild injury to life-threatening emergency. Even when external injuries appear minor, internal damage may have occurred.
This guide explains how electric shock is approached in UK first aid, what immediate steps to take, and when to call 999. It applies to homes, workplaces, construction sites and public environments.
The information below is general first aid guidance and does not replace professional medical assessment.
Electric shock occurs when a person comes into contact with a live electrical source. The severity depends on voltage, duration of contact and the path the current takes through the body.
Common causes include:
Electricity can disrupt the heart’s rhythm and breathing. It may also cause deep internal burns that are not immediately visible.
Even if someone appears well after a shock, medical assessment may still be necessary.
Your safety comes first. Never put yourself at risk.
Once it is safe:
If the person is unconscious but breathing normally, place them on their side and monitor continuously.
See also First Aid for an Unconscious Person.
Electrical injuries may cause entry and exit burns.
Do not apply creams or ice directly to burns.
General burn guidance is available in Burns & Scalds First Aid.
You should call 999 immediately if:
When in doubt, seek emergency help.
Workplaces with electrical systems or machinery should consider the risk of electric shock in their first aid planning.
Risk-based planning is explained in Workplace First Aid Risk Assessment (UK).
High-risk environments such as construction sites require particular care. See Construction Site First Aid Kit (UK).
| Severity level | Possible signs | Action required |
|---|---|---|
| Mild | Tingling, minor burn | Monitor and seek medical advice |
| Moderate | Pain, muscle spasm, visible burns | Medical assessment recommended |
| Severe | Unconsciousness, breathing difficulty, chest pain | Call 999 immediately |
Workplace electric shock incidents should be recorded and reviewed.
Serious cases may require formal reporting. See RIDDOR & First Aid Explained.
Electric injuries can have delayed effects.
Electric shock can disrupt the heart and breathing without obvious external injury. Prompt emergency assessment can be critical.
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