Knowing when to call 999, contact NHS 111, or speak to a GP is an important part of first aid decision-making. Acting too late can delay urgent care, while calling emergency services unnecessarily can slow response times for critical situations.
This guide explains how to make clear, practical decisions in UK first aid situations.
The information below is general guidance and does not replace professional medical advice.
You should call 999 immediately if someone has:
Relevant first aid guidance includes:
NHS 111 is suitable when medical help is needed but the situation is not immediately life-threatening.
Examples include:
NHS 111 can provide advice or direct you to appropriate services.
A GP is appropriate for non-urgent medical concerns such as:
GP services are not designed for emergency situations.
| Situation | Service | Reason |
|---|---|---|
| Unconscious or not breathing | 999 | Immediate life-threatening emergency |
| Severe chest pain | 999 | Possible heart attack |
| Stroke symptoms | 999 | Urgent time-critical treatment needed |
| Moderate illness or concern | 111 | Requires advice but not emergency |
| Ongoing minor symptoms | GP | Routine medical assessment |
If you are unsure whether the situation is serious:
It is safer to seek help early than delay action.
Employees should know how to contact emergency services and what information to provide. Clear procedures should be part of workplace first aid planning.
See Workplace First Aid Risk Assessment.
Choosing the right service ensures people receive appropriate care as quickly as possible. It also helps emergency services prioritise life-threatening situations effectively.
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